Softpanorama May the source be with you, but remember the KISS principle. Softpanorama Laws of Computer Security. Linux root password recovery. It is generally stupid to talk about individual vulnerabilities without taking into account the general architecture of a particular network segment, especially set of ports opened across the segment. Also routers, switches and even network printers can be as vulnerable or even more vulnerable then individual Linux servers or desktops.

Internet routers are common point of attacks on individual home computers. Usage of proxy servers for internet access now is considered to be "best practice" but is they are not widely used. With recent examples from Hillary Clinton email scandal it is also clear that shadow IT represents a significant and underappreciated danger.

Note that the level of qualification of system administrators in this case was average at best and even NIST recommendations were ignored in setup and maintenance of the server s.

Claims that open source software is more secure then proprietary solutions can not be taken at their face value. Theoretically this is true, but the complexity of open source software negates this. This count removes duplicate reports of the same vulnerability against multiple versions of Linux or Windows.

Also Linux if often running with firewall disabled, which is big "no-no" security wise. Amateur users often use root as their user account -- another bog "no-no". Add to this mind boggling complexity of modern Linux where even Apache server probably requires years of study to be configured and used properly and you get the picture. It is true that Windows is often used is less secure way then Linux with the user operating all the time from Administrator account or equivalentbut if regular user account is used such mechanisms for providing security as Windows Group policy and cryptographically signed executables beats Linux in default configuration.

Red Hat SElinux that few people understand and few configure correctly most often disable is dominant. Only Solaris is competitive in this area.

It also benefits from security via obscurity, especially if deployed on Sparc servers. This issue on a new level is often replayed in Linux vs. In security, being a non-mainstream has its own set of advantages. There is huge and lucrative market for Windows zero days exploits. Some market exist for Linux too. There is no such market for Solaris. There is also government sponsored hackers who develop professional exploit for both windows and Linux.

Stuxnet, Flame and subsequent set of nasty worms were developed by government and later those technologies fall into the hand of the hackers. Unlike regular munitions, cyber weapons did not explode on contact. They can be captured disassembled, studied and replicated on a new, more sophisticated and dangerous level in a never ending battle of defense and attack tools. When some government unleashed Stuxnet out of the box it literally open the Pandora box of cyber war.

In other words when we discuss security of an individual Linux box this is an abstraction, and often not very useful abstraction. What we should discuss is the security of network in which particular Linux box is installed. As such they represent more subtle and potentially more lucrative way to break into the server the frontal attack. There are a lot of commercial servers, even in major datacenters which still have default passwords for DRAC or ILO, and default accounts still enabled.

What boxes are open to internet and which are not. Which ports are opened across the segment on this sensitive box is installed. Is DMZ configuration used. Is private DNS used? Patching is another interesting topic with its own set of warts. And patching infrastructure can and was in the past used as a way to break into the servers breaking into repository and installing troyanized versions of some components is just the tip of this iceberg.

Again look at the level of stupidity in configuring Hillary bathroom server Hillary Clinton email scandal as a pretty educational example how not to do such things. Here stupidity and gullibility of users reached probably its maximum level. But there silver lining in any dark clouds. So for highly confidential tasks you can reimage the server from DVD or just use such a distribution.

That somewhat guarantees that for the next few hours you work with "clean" system. In general use of non-violable storage can be considered as a measure that is to some extent is alternative to periodic patching.

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In this case you are guaranteed that you executables will not be troyanized or some accounts or components are added to the system. This is one way to avoid web site hacking -- nobody can write file on a write protected disks without physical access to the disk. Which are pretty common for large corporations. This was the essence of Hillary Clinton email hacking scandal.

To make long story short the key part of the State Department IT infrastructure -- mail server used by Secretary of state and her close entourage -- was installed as a private "bathroom" Windows-based server with Microsoft Exchange as a mail server directly opened to the Internet. And all this mess was maintained by rank-and-file specialists with mainly experience in IT for non-profits and without proper security training.

After this episode it is easy to stop believing into the ability of the US government to maintain security of its servers. The server or group of servers was configured without any attempt to satisfy NIST guidelines for this type of servers.

Architecture faults overwrite all this and when we are talking about individual vulnerabilities we assume that sound architecture, proper for desirable level of security of particular server is already in place.

Otherwise the whole discussion just does not make any sense. Forrester measured the time between the discovery of a flaw and the release of a fix for the flaw -- not a perfect but still worthwhile metric. But this is a difficult metric to provide objectively, as the severity of the flaws varies and the most flaws counted against Linux were actually flaws in applications or programming environments that run on Linux, not in the Linux kernel per se. Also with firewall tightly configured many of them just does not make any sense and are not exploitable.

On high level of security with AppArmor enabled or if you have an expert in SElinux security, able to configure it properly for your case and with internal firewall not only enabled, but properly configured emphasize of properlyyou simply deny access to most vulnerabilities and it does not matter much if they patched or not -- they are simply inaccessible. In case of DNS using private internal DNS with "fake" root also helps.

That makes it harder possibility to modify them you need to create new writable directory copy files and redirect DNS server to this folder -- the task which is difficult to accomplish without already being root.

In general the more secure environment you wish to have the larger part of this environment should consist of non writable media. Another important aspect is what you are running. For example if you do not run X server, it is unclear why you should worry about those vulnerabilities that apply to this environment.

In this sense minimization of your installation is the most powerful security tool and early hardening packages like Titan provides some minimization frameworks. Now most commercial distribution have the option "minimal server" which is a good start. That means that Linux in principle can be more completely and more deeply hardened then Windows, because it is more open system.

But the way how Linux is typically installed often deny or even pervert this advantage. In JuneDanish security firm Secunia compared security across operating systems and concluded that Windows was more secure, than many people think.

According to a new Aberdeen Group report, open-source solution Linux has surpassed Windows as the most vulnerable OS, contrary to the high-profile press Microsoft's security woes. And march larger share of servers running windows. Furthermore, the Aberdeen Group reports that more than 50 percent of all security advisories that CERT issued in the first 10 months of were for Linux and other open-source software solutions.

During this same time, vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products numbered seven, or about one in four of all advisories. Decentralized nature of Linux development makes possible for critical flows in applications and sometimes even kernel to exist for years without detection.

The Aberdeen Group says this information proves that Linux and UNIX are just as prone to Trojan horse attacks as any other OS, despite press reports to the contrary. According to the Aberdeen Group, the open-source community's claim that it can fix security vulnerabilities more quickly than proprietary developers means very little.

The group says that the open-source software and hardware solutions need more rigorous security testing before they're released their products to customers. As I mentioned before, it is interesting that open SSH implementation was for several year the preferred way of hacking into Linux ISPs. We can rail against Microsoft and its security policies which are indefensiblebut far more people and systems use Microsoft's software than any competing software.

And most Linux system administrators do not know how secure Linux and are not motivated to do this as it makes their work much more difficult. Linux is moving to Windows environment when "clueless administrator managed servers used by clueless users".

And this environment that can't be defended by any technical means. Moreover even despite the fact that Linux isn't as prevalent as Windows, we're still seeing a gradual increase in Linux security advisories from year to year. Security via obscurity is not a bad thing. Long time ago, Secunia publishes graphs on the security advisories for Red Hat Enterprise AS3. Secunia page that includes similar graphs for Windows Enterprise Edition.

None is superior to another. That means that without additional hardening Red Hat Enterprise Server AS3 used to have approximately the same level of risk as Windows Enterprise Edition. It means that it is almost meaningless to discuss it in abstract terms, It should be self-evident that the most serious type of vulnerability, unless architecture prevent their use, it possible for an attacker without any account on the system to gain administrator privileges and seize control of your system via the Internet both on Windows and Linux.

Especially for the attacker who can buy "zero-day" exploit. I actually saw that UUCP was used in some organizations for explicitly this purpose. New is sometimes well forgotten old. Rescanning of printed documents is pretty accurate, especially for regular text files. I read somewhere that Russian government, after Stuxnet and Flame were exposed, switched a part of its operation to electric typewriters.

That's probably too drastic move, but good old DOS can do wonders for most office tasks and has collection of applications which was produced before NSA figured the ways to troyanize them. The question arises what vulnerabilities of the Linux operating systems are most often targeted by malicious attackers. While there is a non-stopping stream of remotely exploitable Linux vulnerabilities but only few of them were used for actual exploits against the number of servers.

But for the top vulnerabilities it make sense to go extra mile. Restricting IP range via tcp wrappers or firewall in a powerful mechanism of making more secure even top exploitable protocols. Attackers usually are opportunistic. They take the easiest and most convenient route and exploit the best-known flaws with the most effective and widely available attack tools.

They count on organizations to be behind in patching, especially patching of application and protocols like SSL, not fixing well-known the problems. They often attack indiscriminately, scanning the Internet for any vulnerable systems. The best strategy for large corporate is avoidance. On the Unix and Linux side, Berkeley Internet Domain Name BIND software remains the top problem software. That means that large corporate should never try to run bind on Linux.

Similarly Apache as an external web server should generally work via HTTP proxy. Generally apache is way too complex to be used as Internet facing Web server but it can and should be used as an internal WEB server, due to its functional superiority over competitors.

In major distribution it was replaced by postfix long ago, so this is only inertia that dictates continued use of Sendmail in enterprise environment. SANS Institute provides periodic list of top vulnerabilities which while can't be taken at face value, still might contain useful information.

But as reference is still makes sense as it shows the futility of viewing Linux security without considering of network architecture and the level of hardening. It also shows limitation of people at SANS which complied the list.

Concentration on individual software vulnerabilities makes sense for the attacker, but much less sense for the defender. The Berkeley Internet Name Domain BIND package is the most widely used implementation of the Domain Name Service DNSa critical system that allows the conversion of hostnames into the registered IP address. Unless you run your own internal DNS which many corporation do and which constitute a good practice this is the system exposed to external attacks.

The ubiquity and critical nature of BIND has made it a frequent target, especially in Denial of Service DoS attacks, which can result in a complete loss of accessibility to the Internet for services and hosts. Also there are some high level exploit of bind based of architectural flows that are not that easy to patch. Among old, well know BIND weaknesses was a denial of service discussed in CERT Advisory CA In this case, an attacker can send specific DNS packets to force an internal consistency check which itself is vulnerable and will cause the BIND daemon to shut down.

Another was a buffer overflow attack, discussed in CERT Advisory CAin which an attacker utilizes vulnerable implementations of the DNS resolver libraries. By sending malicious DNS responses, the attacker can explore this vulnerability and execute arbitrary code or even cause a denial of service. A further risk is posed by a vulnerable BIND server, which may be compromised and used as a repository for illicit material without the administrator's knowledge or in stepping-stone attacks which use the server as a platform for further malicious activity.

Nearly all UNIX and Linux systems are distributed with a version of BIND. To increase the level of protection it is recommended to use self-complied version of bind using Intel compiler and replace with this compiled version the stock version of bind provided by operating system vendor.

Also due to criticality of the service Linux is a bad choice of the platform for its deployment. Solaris should be used instead. For excellent guides to hardening BIND on Solaris systems as well as additional references for BIND documentation, see Running the BIND9 DNS Server Securely and the archives of BIND security papers available from Afentis.

CANCANCANCANCANCANCAN Or buy a DNS appliance. For most systems, the command "named -v" will show the installed BIND version enumerated as X. Z where X is the major version, Y is the minor version, and Z is a patch level. A proactive approach to maintaining the security of BIND is to subscribe to customized alerting and vulnerability reports. In addition, a vulnerability scanner might be used to check DNS systems for configuration blunders and potential vulnerabilities.

This subsystem does not need to be exposed to the internet, so it is mostly internal vulnerability, unlike DNS. Description Remote procedure calls RPCs allow programs on one computer to execute procedures on a second computer by passing data and retrieving the results. RPC is therefore widely used for many distributed network services such as remote administration, NFS file sharing, and NIS. However there are numerous flaws in RPC which are being actively exploited. Many RPC services execute with elevated privileges that can provide an attacker unauthorized remote root access to vulnerable systems.

The majority of the distributed denial of service attacks launched were executed by systems that had been victimized through these RPC vulnerabilities. The broadly successful attack on U.

Military systems during the Solar Sunrise incident also exploited an RPC flaw found on hundreds of Department of Defense computer systems. More recently, an MS Windows DCOM Remote Procedure Call vulnerability has played a role in one of the most significant worm propagation events.

Operating Systems Affected All versions of UNIX and Linux come with RPC services installed and often enabled. It is not always possible to shut down this service as it is widely used and required for NFS implementation. For that reason NFS should not be used on DMZ. CANCANCAN Use a vulnerability scanner or the 'rpcinfo' command to determine if you are running one of the most commonly exploited RPC services:.

RPC services are typically exploited through buffer overflow attacks which are successful because the RPC programs do not perform sufficient error checking or input validation. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities allow an attacker to send unexpected data often in the form of malicious code into the program memory space.

Due to poor error checking and input validation, the data overwrite key memory locations that are in line to be executed by the processor.

In a successful overflow attack, this malicious code is then executed by the operating system. Since many RPC services execute with elevated privileges, successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities can provide unauthorized remote root access to the system.

How to Protect Against It Use the following steps to protect your system against RPC attacks:. For Solaris Software Patches: For IBM AIX Software Patches: For SGI Software Patches: For Compaq Digital UNIX Software Patches: For Linux Software Patches: For HP-UX Software Enhancements and Patch Bundles: A summary document pointing to specific guidance about three principal RPC vulnerabilities - Tooltalk, Calendar Manager, and Statd - may be found at: Summary documents pointing to specific guidance about the above RPC vulnerabilities may be found at:.

In large corporation Apache or other Web server is never exposed to Intent directly. Usually it is exposed via proxy such as BlueCoat. But small ISPs and small companies have Apache exposed directly. Apache has historically been, and continues to be the most popular web server on the Internet.

In comparison to Microsoft's Internet Information Server, Apache may have a cleaner record in regards to security, but it still has its fair share of vulnerabilities. In addition to exploits in Apaches core and modules CACASQL, databases, CGI, PHP vulnerabilities are all potentially exposed through the web server. If left unsecured, vulnerabilities in the Apache web server implementation and associated components can result in denial of service, information disclosure, web site defacement, remote root access, or countless other unfavorable results.

All UNIX systems running Apache. Many Linux and UNIX variants come with Apache installed and sometimes enabled by default.

Like in case of bind it is recommended to compile own version of Apache before deployment. CANCANCANCANCANCANCANCANCANCANCANCAN How to Determine if you are Vulnerable Information regarding security advisories for Apache 2. In many scenarios the content of these logs may not be sufficient. Especially if youre using PHP, CGI or other scripting it is a good idea to log GET and POST payloads.

This can yield important data and evidence in the event of a security compromise. Detailed information can be found here: This is mostly an internal vulnerability as in no way you should be able to authenticate to internal system from Internet for security sensitive systems.

Only from private VPN. It is an external vulnerability for ISPs and small companies that does no use VPN for this purpose. In this case one time passord system or security token should be used to avoid cracking of password database See recent Yahoo hack for details Yahoo discloses hack of 1 billion accounts. The most simplisitc one factor authentication, as well as file and data protection, rely heavily on user or vendor supplied passwords.

In addition, since properly authenticated access is often not logged, or if logged not likely to arouse suspicion, a compromised password is an opportunity to explore a system virtually undetected. An attacker in possession of a valid user password would have complete access to any resources available to that user, and would be significantly closer to being able to access other accounts, nearby machines, and perhaps even obtain root level access on this system. Despite this threat, user and administrator level accounts with poor or non-existent passwords are still very common.

As well, organizations with a well-developed and enforced password policy are still uncommon. The best defense against all of these vulnerabilities is a strong authentication policy that includes usage of Secure Id or smartcards. Operating Systems Affected Any operating system or application on any platform where users authenticate via a user ID and password. In Linux You we should requre to use the MD5 algorithm to hash passwords; this is somewhat more secure than the older crypt algorithm.

How to Protect Against It The best and most appropriate defense against password weaknesses is a strong policy which provides detailed instructions to engender good user password habits and also entails regular proactive checking of password integrity by system administrators with complete support from the organization. The following steps should be used as guidelines for a good password policy:. A good password therefore cannot have a word or proper name as its root. A strong password policy should direct users to generate passwords from something more random, like a phrase or a longer title of a book or song.

By concatenating a longer phrase into a string i.

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And if the initial phrase is easy to remember, then the resulting password string should be as well. Once users are given the proper instructions for generating good passwords, detailed procedures should be put in place to assure that these instructions are followed. The best way to do this is by validating the password whenever the user changes it. PAM-enabled systems can also be extended to include cracklib the libraries which accompany Crack to check passwords as they are generated.

Most new PAM-enabled systems can also be setup to refuse bad passwords that do not meet certain guidelines. However, if passwords cannot be verified against dictionary libraries when they are entered using tools such as Npasswd or PAM-enabled libraries, then cracking utilities should be run by the system administrator in a stand-alone mode as part of a regular proactive procedure.

Tools like those used by potential attackers are generally the best choice. Administrators with the most benevolent of intentions have been fired for running password cracking tools without the authority to do so.

This authority should be in the form of a written letter that forms part of the organizations strong password policy and allows for regular scheduled password checks. Once you have acquired authority to run cracking utilities on your system, do so regularly on a physically protected and secure machine.

The tools on the machine should not be openly accessible to anyone but the authorized system administrator. Users whose passwords are cracked should be notified confidentially and given instructions on how to choose a better password. These are effective if you are having trouble with weak passwords and can be used as an alternative means of authenticating users. It should be noted that some password-generating tokens need procedures in place to ensure they are not openly accessible to unauthorized users and if stolen they are promptly denied from the system.

Biometrics is a developing area and depending on the type of authentication e. However, even if passwords themselves are strong, accounts can be compromised if users do not protect their passwords.

A good password policy should include detailed procedures for a user that require that a user should never tell his or her password to anyone else, never write a password down where it could be read by others, properly secure any files in which a password is stored for automate authentication, and if a password is known to be stolen or known by others, to promptly notify the system administrator.

Password aging should be enforced so that any passwords which slip through these rules are only vulnerable for a short window of time, and old passwords should not be reused. Administrators should make sure that the users are given warning of a pending password change and several chances to change their password before it expires.

When faced with the message Your password has expired and must be changed, users will tend to pick a bad password. Many network services utilized by UNIX systems are clear-text also known as "plain text". That means that there is no encryption used by those services.

For example, to steal the FTP or telnet login information, an attacker needs to place a network sniffer somewhere along the connection path, such as on the FTP server LAN or on the client LAN.

The transmission of information between R-command clients and R-services in plain-text permits data or keystrokes to be intercepted as well. Attackers have often deployed sniffers in recent security incidents and often on compromised machines. Finding usernames and passwords in sniffed data is very easy.

Here is a summary table of most common UNIX network services which are transmitted in clear text. Services such as telnet and FTP where both contents and authentication credentials are transmitted in clear text present the highest risk, since attacker will be able to reuse the credentials and access the system at their leisure.

Additionally, command session run in clear text may also be hijacked and used by the attacker to run commands without authentication. The Operating Systems Affected All UNIX flavors contain clear-text services telnet and FTP being the most common.

How to Determine if you are Vulnerable The most effective and reliable way to determine whether clear text services are in use is to use a sniffer tool similar to those used by attackers. Another such tool is "ngrep" which allows one to look for specific patterns in network communication, such as "sername" or "assword" the first letters are removed to accomodate for possible capitalization. Run the tool as:. There are also more sophisticated tools specifically designed to detect authentication credentials on the network.

Dsniff may be obtained at http: How to Protect Against It Using end-to-end or at least link-level encryption will help. Some protocols have encrypted equivalents such as POP3S and HTTPS. For the protocols which do not have native encryption capabilities, one can tunnel them over SSH Secure Shell or SSL connection.

FTP might be replaced with more secure software solutions such as SFTP or SCP parts of the Secure Shell software package and use a web server to distribute files to a wide audience. The most popular and flexible SSH implementation is OpenSSH available at http: It runs on most UNIX variants and may be used for remote interactive sessions replaces telnet, rlogin and rsh and tunneling of POP3, SMTP, X11 and many other protocols.

Here is how one can tunnel POP3 over SSH connection. The POP3 server needs to be also running the SSH server. First run this on the client machine:.

Now, point your email client to localhost, TCP port unlike the usual 'pop3. All communication between your machine and the POP3 mail server will be tunneled over SSH and thus encrypted. Another popular encrypted tunneling solution is "stunnel". It implements SSL protocol via OpenSSL toolkit and may be used to tunnel various plain text protocols.

Stunnel may be obtained at http: Sendmail is the program that sends, receives, and forwards most electronic mail processed on UNIX and Linux systems.

Sendmail is the most popular Mail Transfer Agent MTA and its widespread use on the Internet has historically made it a prime target of attackers, resulting in numerous exploits over the years. Most of these exploits are successful only against older or unpatched versions of the software. Despite the fact that the known vulnerabilities are well documented and have been repaired in newer releases, there remain so many outdated or misconfigured versions still in use today that Sendmail remains one of the most frequently attacked services.

Among the most recent critical vulnerabilities are:. CERT Advisory CA Buffer Overflow in Sendmail gives the following excellent description of a Sendmail buffer overflow and the danger it poses to network integrity. This vulnerability is message-oriented as opposed to connection-oriented. That means that the vulnerability is triggered by the contents of a specially-crafted email message rather than by lower-level network traffic.

This is important because an MTA that does not contain the vulnerability will pass the malicious message along to other MTAs that may be protected at the network level. In other words, vulnerable sendmail servers on the interior of a network are still at risk, even if the site's border MTA uses software other than sendmail.

Also, messages capable of exploiting this vulnerability may pass undetected through many common packet filters or firewalls. The risks presented by running Sendmail can be grouped into two major categories: The former is a problem on any system still running older or unpatched versions of the software.

The latter results from using either improper or default configuration files, and is a chief obstacle to fighting the proliferation of spam. Operating Systems Affected Nearly all UNIX and Linux systems come with a version of Sendmail installed that is enabled and running by default. CANCANCANCANCANCANCANCANCANCAN How to Determine if you are Vulnerable Sendmail has had a large number of vulnerabilities in the past.

Do not always trust the version string returned by the daemon as that is just read from a text file on the system that may not have been updated properly.

Depending on your system, the path to Sendmail may be different and you have to modify the above command accordingly to point to the right path. To determine whether the version you are running is current, check the current release of Sendmail version at: While SNMP is rather ubiquitous in its distribution across networking platforms, it is most often used as a method to configure and manage devices such as printers, routers, switches, access points, and to provide input for network monitoring services.

Simple Network Management communication consists of different types of exchanged messages between SNMP management stations and network devices which run what is commonly referred to as agent software. The method by which these messages are handled and the authentication mechanism behind such message handling both have significant exploitable vulnerabilities.

The vulnerabilities behind the method by which SNMP version 1 handles and traps messages are outlined in detail in CERT Advisory CA There exists a set of vulnerabilities in the way trap and request messages are handled and decoded by management stations and agents alike.

These vulnerabilities are not restricted to any specific implementation of SNMP but instead affect a variety of vendors' SNMP distributions.

The result of attackers exploiting these vulnerabilities may range anywhere from denial of service to unwanted configuration and management of your SNMP-enabled machinery. The authentication mechanism of older SNMP frameworks also poses a significant vulnerability. SNMP versions 1 and 2 use an unencrypted "community string" as their only authentication mechanism.

Lack of encryption is bad enough, but the default community string used by the vast majority of SNMP devices is "public," with a few supposedly clever network equipment vendors changing the string to "private" for more sensitive information.

Attackers can use this vulnerability in SNMP to reconfigure or shut down devices remotely. Sniffed SNMP traffic can reveal a great deal about the structure of your network as well as the systems and devices attached to it. Intruders use such information to pick targets and plan attacks. Most vendors enable SNMP version 1 by default, and many do not offer products capable of using SNMP version 3's security models which can be configured to use improved authentication methods.

However, there are freely-available replacements which do provide SNMPv3 support under GPL or BSD licenses. SNMP is not unique to UNIX; it is extensively used on Windows, in networking equipment, wireless access points and bridges, printers and embedded devices. But the majority of SNMP-related attacks seen thus far have occurred on UNIX systems with poor SNMP configurations. Operating Systems Affected Nearly all UNIX and Linux systems come with SNMP installed, and often by default it is enabled.

Most other SNMP-enabled network devices and operating systems are also vulnerable. CANCANCANCANCANCANCANCAN How to Determine if you are Vulnerable You can verify whether SNMP is running on network-connected devices by running a scanner or checking manually. SNMPing - You can obtain the free SNMPing scanning tool from the SANS Institute by emailing a blank mail message to snmptool sans.

You will get a return message with the URL where you can download the tool. SNScan - Foundstone created another easy-to-use SNMP scanning tool called SNScan, which can be obtained at http: If you cannot use any of the above tools, you should manually verify if SNMP is running on your systems.

Refer to your operating system documentation on how to specifically identify its particular SNMP implementation, but the basic daemon can usually be identified by grepping for "snmp" in the process list or by looking for services running on ports or A running SNMP instance is probably sufficient evidence that you are vulnerable to pervasive trap and request handling errors.

Please see CERT Advisory CA for additional information. If SNMP is running and any of these additional variables are met, you may have a default or easily guessable string-related vulnerability:. Description Secure shell SSH is a popular service for securing logins, command execution, and file transfers across a network. Most UNIX-based systems use either the open-source OpenSSH package or the commercial version from SSH Communication Security.

Although SSH is vastly more secure than the telnet, ftp, and R-command programs it is intended to replace, there have been multiple flaws found in both implementations. Most are minor bugs, but a few are major security issues that should be repaired immediately. The most dangerous of these actively exploited holes allows attackers to remotely obtain root access on a vulnerable machine.

While SSH is presented here as one of the Top 20 vulnerabilities, it is more the case that the mismanagement of SSH, specifically misconfiguration and the failure to apply updates and patches in a timely manner, account for its inclusion in this list. SSH2 is actually a powerful tool that when properly configured and maintained can help remediate many of the other top 20 vulnerabilities, specifically those that send material in clear text across untrusted networks like the Internet.

Many of the vulnerabilities found in protocols such as POP3, FTP replace with SSH2s SFTPTelnet, HTTP, and the rhost based tools rlogin, rcp, and rsh involve eavesdropping on clear text transmissions or manipulating client server sessions. This makes encryption and authentication key management provided by SSH2 along with its ability to forward or redirect sessions, an attractive VPN type of wrapper for otherwise vulnerable traffic. The SSH1 protocol itself has been demonstrated to be potentially vulnerable to having a session decrypted in transit given certain configurations.

For this reason, administrators are encouraged to use the stronger SSH2 protocol whenever possible. SSH1 and SSH2 are not compatible. With only a few exceptions, the version of SSH on both the client and the server must long dated out of the money call options. In addition, users of OpenSSH should note that the OpenSSL libraries against which OpenSSH is eurodollar options pricing built have software vulnerabilities of their own.

Please see CERT Advisory for more details. They should also be aware that a trojan-horse version of the OpenSSH was being distributed for a short time in the summer of CAN Operating Systems Affected Any UNIX or Linux system running OpenSSH 3. CVECVECVECVECVECANCVE For SSH from OpenSSH: CVECVECVECVECVECVECVECVE CANCANCANCANCANCAN Multiple implementations of SSH: CANCANCANCAN How to Determine if you are Vulnerable Use a vulnerability scanner to see whether you are running a vulnerable version, or check the software version reported by running the command 'ssh -V'.

The ScanSSH tool is particularly useful for remotely identifying SSH servers that are dangerously un-patched. The ScanSSH command line tool scans a list of addresses and networks for SSH protocol servers and reports their version numbers. Written by Niels Provos and released under the BSD-license, the latest version was released on and is available at http: The Network File System NFS and Network Information Service NIS are two important services used in UNIX networks.

NFS is a service originally created by Sun Microsystems that is designed to share files among UNIX systems over a network. NIS is also a set of services that works as a database service to provide location information, called Maps, to other network services such as NFS.

The most common examples of these Maps are the passwd and group files which are used to centralize user authentication. The security problems with both services, represented by the continuous issues discovered over the years buffer overflows, DoS and weak authenticationmade them a frequent target of attack.

Besides the unpatched services that are still widely deployed, the higher risks may be represented by the misconfiguration of NFS and NIS that will easily allow security holes to be exploited and accessed by users locally or remotely.

The lax authentication offered by NIS while querying NIS maps allow users to use applications like ypcat that can display the values of NIS database, or map, to retrieve the password file. The tricks earn money farmville 2 kind of problem occurs with NFS which implicitly trusts the UID user ID and GIDs group ID that the NFS client presents to the server, and depending on the server configuration, this may allow any user to mount and explore the remote file system.

Operating Systems Affected Nearly all UNIX and Linux systems come with a version of NFS and NIS installed and often enabled by default. NIS CVECVE ny stock exchange hours december 31, CVECVE Never run a password cracker, even on systems for which you have root-like access, without explicit and preferably written permission from your employer.

Administrators with the most benevolent of intentions have been fired for running password cracking tools without authority to do so. The open-source OpenSSL library is a popular package to add cryptographic security to applications that communicate over the network. Although Apache is probably the most well-known use of the package to support https: The usual usage of OpenSSL is a toolkit where other applications use OpenSSL to provide cryptographic security for a connection.

As a result, rather than targeting OpenSSL directly, the exploits for the vulnerabilities will target the application using it. One popular exploit attacks the Apache server's use of OpenSSL. Just because you are not running Apache with OpenSSL support does not mean you are safe.

A suitable modification of the exploit may be able to attack Sendmail, openldap, CUPS, or any other OpenSSL using program installed on the target machine. Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in OpenSSL, of which the most serious are the set of 4 vulnerabilities listed in CANCANCANand CAN These allow the stocklands shellharbour opening hours anzac day execution of arbitrary code as the user of the OpenSSL libraries which in some cases, such as 'sendmail', is the 'root' user.

Operating Systems Affected Any UNIX or Linux system running OpenSSL 0. Note that quite often, OpenSSL is installed to support some other component. For instance, on a RedHat Linux 9. How to Determine if you are Vulnerable Check the output of the command 'openssl version'. If the version isn't 0. The group, which Microsoft has named PLATINUM, has developed a system for sending files -- such as new payloads to run and new versions of their malware-to compromised machines.

PLATINUM's technique leverages Intel's Active Management Technology AMT to do an end-run around the built-in Windows firewall. The AMT firmware runs at a low level, below the operating system, and it has access to not just the processor, but also the network interface. The AMT needs this low-level access for some of the legitimate things it's used for. This, in turn, can be used for tasks such as remotely installing operating systems on bare machines.

To do this, AMT not only needs to access the network interface, it also needs to simulate hardware, such 24 hr binary options trades tipster the mouse and keyboard, to provide input to the operating system.

But this low-level operation is what makes AMT attractive for hackers: That traffic never gets passed up to the operating system's own IP stack and, as such, is invisible to the operating system's own firewall or other network monitoring software. The PLATINUM software uses another piece of virtual hardware-an AMT-provided virtual serial port-to provide a link between the network itself and the malware application running on the infected PC.

Communication between machines uses serial-over-LAN traffic, how to make money from selling crack is handled by AMT in firmware. The malware connects to the virtual AMT serial port to send and receive data.

Meanwhile, the operating system and its firewall are none the wiser. In this way, PLATINUM's malware can move files between machines on the network while being largely undetectable to those machines. AMT has been under scrutiny recently after the discovery of a long-standing remote authentication flaw that enabled attackers to use AMT features without needing to know the AMT password. This in turn could be used to enable features such as the remote KVM to control systems and run code on them.

However, that's not what PLATINUM is doing: This isn't exploiting any flaw in AMT; the malware just uses the AMT conversion rate euro to dollar history it's designed in order to do something undesirable.

Both the PLATINUM malware and the AMT security flaw require AMT to be enabled in the first place; if it's not turned on at all, there's no remote access. Microsoft's write-up of the malware expressed uncertainty about this part; it's possible that the PLATINUM malware itself enabled AMT-if the malware has Administrator privileges, it can enable many AMT features from within Windows-or that AMT was already enabled and the malware managed to steal the credentials.

While this novel use of AMT is useful for transferring files while evading firewalls, it's not undetectable. Using the AMT serial port, for example, is detectable. Microsoft says that its own Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection can even distinguish between legitimate uses of serial-over-LAN and illegitimate ones. But it's nonetheless a neat way of bypassing one of the more common protective measures that we depend on to detect and prevent unwanted network activity.

It's worth noting that this is NOT Windows Defender. Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection is an enterprise product. Would Admin privileges be able to overwrite a BIOS setting? Would it matter if it was handled via UEFI instead? It does not, at least on my version. But my IPMI servers do allow someone to enable SOL from the web interface. I wouldn't think any router firewall would allow packets bound for an AMT to go through.

Is this just a mechanism to move within a LAN once an exploit has a beachhead? That is not a small thing, but it would give us a way to gauge the severity of the threat. Do people really admin a machine through AMT through an external firewall? I do million dollar pips review forex peace army engineering, and I wish more computers had serial ports.

Just because you don't use them doesn't mean their disappearance is "fortunate". Just out of curiosity, what do you use on the PC end when you still do require traditional serial communication? All those perfectly vulnerable systems having AMT disabled and limiting their hack. Intel AMT is a fucking disaster from a security standpoint.

It is utterly dependent on security through obscurity with its "secret" coding, and anybody should know that security through obscurity is no security at all. Businesses demanded this technology and, of course, Intel beats the drum for it as well. A real admin, in jeans and a tee, is a much better solution. Nah, that ain't happening. Who am I kidding? But do we know of an exploit over AMT? We ran this dog into the ground last month. Other OSs all as far as I know okay,!

MSDOS keep them separate. Ftp get command syntax wildcard and lan1 as it were. Which is probably why this was caught in the first place. Note that MSFT has stepped up to the plate here. This is much better than their traditional silence until forced solution. Which is just the same security through plugging your fingers in your ears that Intel is supporting.

Is there a word for that? I've only had 1 machine that had AMT a Thinkpad T that somehow still runs like a charm despite hitting the 10yrs mark this summersingle stock futures trading us AMT was toggled directly via the BIOS this is all pre-UEFI. We just got some new Dell workstations at work recently.

They have serial mssql stored procedure default parameter value. We avoid the consumer machines. Physical serial ports the blue ones are fortunately a relic of a lost era and are nowadays quite rare to find on PCs.

Serial ports options trading horror stories still very useful for management tasks. It's simple and it works when everything else fails. The low speeds impose little restrictions on cables. Sure, they don't have much security but that is partly mitigated by them usually only using a few metres cable length.

So they'd be covered under the same physical security as the server itself. Making this into a LAN protocol without any additional security, that's where the problem was introduced. Wherever long-distance lines were involved modems the security was added at the application level. There is a serious vulnerability in sudo command that grants root access to anyone with a shell account.

A local user with privileges to execute commands via sudo could use this flaw to escalate their privileges to root. Patch your system as soon as possible. A local attacker in some configurations could possibly use this to overwrite any file on the filesystem, bypassing intended permissions or gain root shell.

In the last five months, Google's OSS-Fuzz program has unearthed over 1, bugs in 47 open source software projects So far, OSS-Fuzz has found a total of potential security vulnerabilities: Google launched the program in December and wants more open source projects to participate, so they're offering cash rewards for including "fuzz" targets for testing in their software. The US intelligence agency has been involved in a concerted effort to write various kinds of malware to spy on just about every piece of electronic equipment that people use.

That includes iPhones, Androids and computers running Windows, macOS and Linux. WikiLeaks claims that has happened, potentially meaning that messages have been compromised even if all of the usual precautions had been taken. One of the most eye-catching programmes detailed in the documents is "Weeping Angel".

That allows intelligence agencies to install special software that allows TVs to be turned into listening devices — so that even when they appear to be switched off, they're actually on. But those companies didn't get the chance to fix those exploits because the agency kept them secret in order to keep using them, the documents suggest. The documents have still not been looked through entirely. There are 8, pages of files, some of which have already been analyzed but many of which hasn't.

When taken together, those binary options on the english market 7" leaks will make up the biggest intelligence publication in history, WikiLeaks claimed.

How about developing Russian-looking hacking tools in Astrological analysis of stock market To plant fingerprints and get the warrant for monitoring Trump communications Notable quotes: If you did not noticed Vault 7 scandal completely overtook everything else now.

This is a real game changer. Tell me who stole the whole arsenal of CIA hacking tools with all the manuals? Were those people Russians? March 12, at Am I alone in thinking that Preet Bharara, the just fired US Attorney for Southern District of New York, would be the ideal Special Prosecutor of the Trump - Russia investigation. Just think, how many million if not billion dollars this exercise in removing the last traces of democracy from the USA and converting us into a new Democratic Republic of Germany, where everybody was controlled by STASI, cost.

And those money were spend for what? If this is not the demonstration of huge and out of civil control raw power of "deep state" I do not know what is. If you are not completely detached from really you should talk about Vault 7. This is huge, Snowden size scandal that is by the order of magnitude more important for the country then all those mostly fake hints on connections of Trump and, especially "Russian hacking".

In the world of intelligence false flag operations is a standard tactics. Difficult situation for a Midwesterner To plant fingerprints and get the warrant for monitoring Trump communications.

CIA Staged Fake Russian Hacking to Set Up Trump - Russian Cyber-Attack M. Means are important, as ends. Crisis makes it tempting to ignore the wise restraints that make men free.

But each time we do so, each time the means we use are wrong, our inner strength, the strength which makes us free, is lessened. Today, Tuesday 7 March best way for non members to make money on runescape p2p 2016, WikiLeaks begins its new series of leaks on the U. Code-named "Vault 7" by WikiLeaks, it is the largest ever publication of confidential documents on the agency.

The first full part of the series, "Year Zero", comprises 8, documents and files from an isolated, high-security network situated inside dollar exchange rate today in pakistan CIA's Center for Cyber Intelligence in Langley, Virgina. It follows an introductory disclosure last month of CIA targeting French political parties and candidates in the lead up to the presidential election.

Recently, the CIA lost control of the majority of its hacking arsenal including malware, viruses, trojans, weaponized "zero day" exploits, malware remote control systems and associated documentation. This extraordinary collection, which amounts to more than several hundred million lines of code, gives its possessor the entire hacking capacity of the CIA.

The archive appears to have been circulated among former U. Since the CIA has gained political and budgetary preeminence over the U. National Security Agency NSA. The CIA found itself building not just its now infamous drone fleet, but a very different type of covert, globe-spanning force - its own substantial fleet of hackers. The agency's hacking division freed it from having to disclose its often controversial operations to the NSA its primary bureaucratic rival in order to draw on the NSA's hacking capacities.

CIA corrupted, fasle flags, FBI, inversion, kellyanne conway, Left wing protest, legacy of ashes, Obama is CIA, Obama spying, Pompeo, Snowden, Tillerson, Vault 7, wiretapping. Pieczenik, I tried watching this interview on the Stockbroker wage site. Alex interrupts you and all his guests so often that I am embarrassed for both him and his guests.

I do enjoy InforWars, but it is getting hard for me to sit through a show, even when he has people like you and Roger Stone. With all due respect for Alex, he can't keep quiet long enough for you to finish your sentence. He takes you off point and on to other things that DON'T MATTER or have been long past discussed and we leave your video's knowing no more then when we started. I can barely stand watching any of his videos any longer.

This is NOT about how great Alex and InfoWars is, it is about getting this important info out to the public. There are MANY outlets out there that paved the way for where we are today and many would love to interview you and actually let you talk! Please do more personal video's monte carlo call option pricing matlab you are serious about getting this info out there.

Your the right stuff! Would love to hear you interview with Shaun at sgtreport. He has a growing following and said he would love to have you on uninterrupted.

Please consider and thanks make money devalues dollar all you do. That said, even as the administration seeks renewal of the programsCongress and the public have been left in the dark regarding questions surrounding how many Americans' electronic communications have been ensnared under the programs.

Congress won't be told in a classified setting either, despite repeated requests. As a result, the only possible outcome is the same procedure as all the previous times: As should everyone's eyes who is watching this elaborate kabuki performance Yeah, you're not going to see anybody in the Federal Government really stopping this, no matter their party.

Trump at least seems to have a problem with him or his associates being spied on lately. If a government employee is not answering questions to the comittees regarding these issues, what measures can the comitties take to force an answer? Can they impeach, or compel pengenalan asas forex Can they throw somebodies ass in jail until the question gets answered? Nothing can be done because the intelligence services are in the privileged position of being able to sabotage anybody's political career.

Bollinger bands tightening everyone keeps going through the motions of simulating free will while actually only doing as they're told.

And it will only get worse so brace for it. Ostensibly, they have the power to bring down the Trump admin AHuxleyWise, Aged Ars Veteran Mar 10, 7: The lack of overnight issue was attempted in the 's with the Church Committee. The US people has completely lost control over their governance.

The constitution is a totally empty shell. AHuxleyWise, Aged Ars Veteran Mar 10, 8: So essentially, the 3 letter agencies are not accountable to the US government. Its more that staff feel Congress has no oversight as who they work for did not get established by Congress. The question of oversight authority was used to avoid questions until the 's.

AutisticGrammaArs Scholae Palatinae Mar 10, 8: Small nitpick to the author. How to make money reselling web hosting do know that having that particular picture on there constitutes a spillage for every single DoD and Federal employee that clicks on the article to read it right? And this is exactly why it should stay up. These agencies behavior is creating this for themselves.

No over sight no funding, who ever signs the check is on the hook. The fed budget needs to reflect this. Someone signed off on authority to operate. SewerRangerArs Centurion et Subscriptor Mar 10, 8: I would assume that they're collecting IP addresses along with this traffic.

Couldn't that be used to generate at least a rough estimate of the number of US citizens targeted? Is there another way to generate a good estimate? You would need more then just IP's to make that determination - anyone with a VPN can mad money stockbroker an American IP address, same with TOR exit nodes.

This number would be completely useless. You'd have to cross reference the IP with a bunch of other data and that leads to a catch Vast bureaucracies have a life of their own, detached from the earthly proclivities of democractic transitions.

BuchliebhaberWise, Aged Ars Veteran et Subscriptor Mar 10, 9: Still, US spies say they don't track the number of Americans caught in this dragnet, in part to protect Americans' privacy. Performing this task would require spies to de-anonymize phone numbers and IP addresses to determine whether they're American, according real time forex review April Doss, a former NSA lawyer who testified PDF before the House Judiciary Committee on March 1.

This seems to imply that they're reading the request to "get the count of Americans monitored" extremely literally, interpreting it as "get the exact number of Americans". The NSA has some very good mathematicians - they forex trade manual easily be able to give a pretty highly accurate estimate using the sample data they already have from when they've de-anonymized targeted persons.

This estimate I'm sure was rolling around in the head of someone at the table. The whole point of the system is to provide information that they're requesting, literally how computers work. Stonewalling Congress needs to be a good way to find an agency with out funding or mandate. Instead it's more like Kanye stealing the mic at the grammys, but with more chest medals. The heads of these agencies knows if they ever say any number, that will be the end due to outrage.

There is little to be gained, unless they are sent to prison. If I were a senator, I'd give immunity to some of the whistle blowers to find the truth. Give them a chance to testify about their bosses. A cynic might suspect that the answer to, "How many Americans' electronic communications have been ensnared under the programs? The part that I agree with - most people don't care enough about spying programs or which 3 letter agency is scanning their ass.

You can probably get million Americans to sign a petition on facebook or twitter or your neighborhood supermarket and only because those are low investment options. There is nothing wrong with such an existential position; I am guilty of that for most part of the day. If the scanning keeps me "safe" and I have nothing to hide, why bother? Now, you will get a lot more people involved if such scanning led to prosecution for the little technical crimes we do every day of our life; until then this will continue if only with another name.

Go to the US Census Bureau. They can get you real close. Or just google it. As ofit was Don't vote for her again, I know I won't. Just got an email from Feinstein's office today with a laundry list of ways she is opposing Trump and his picks, no mention of national security issues. Im sure that Feinstein and the current Administration will come together on National Security - in their view its about "protecting American's" which I read as "covering my ass on my watch".

They could start cutting budgets, but that won't happen. Its amount of people who held some US government security clearance as of around Confidential, Secret, Top Secret, Gov staff, Contractors as a total. And how many of them are responsible for signing off on carte blanche spying on Americans with 0 oversight.

Since clearance is on a need to know basis, did that many people need to know? I see you looking to divide and conquer here, you just end up sounding guilty. Around elected officials are letting a select few ruin all of this for rest of us because rules are 'unamerican. And we don't want to act in any manner that may be regarded as unlawful Then there is the matter of resource allocation: Estimates on the additional funding that such a program would require have been developed, however these budgetary requirements binary option police be released to Congress, as they are classified.

Should Congress decide to provide both authorization and funding for such a program, we can advise on the number of zeros "0" that the funding authorization should include. In summary, Senator, it would appear that "the ball is entirely in your court" so to speak When the NSA says it "would require the Intelligence Community to conduct exhaustive analysis of every unknown identifier in order to determine whether they are being used inside or outside the U.

Searched by computer programs for keywords or pattern matching? A human looked at it? By this definition, they should be able to produce a deceptively low number, perhaps thousands to tens of thousands per year. By our definition, which says if you put the data in your database and use it when running searches, that data has been collected, there's no doubt the number is nearly the same as the US population, discounting only people with no online presence e.

In any case, nigerian stock exchange market prices fact that they have prevaricated about this for the past 6 years all ordinaries stock market index pretty clear that the answer will not look good.

It's time to end these programs. If they want them renewed, the replacements will need real oversight. As evidence of this, the WSJ cites an intelligence source who said that " the revelations were far more significant than the leaks of Edward Snowden. Snowden's leaks revealed names of programs, companies that assist the NSA in surveillance and in some cases the targets of American spying. But the recent leak purports to contain highly technical details about how surveillance is carried out.

That would make them far more revealing and useful to an adversary, this person said. In one sense, Mr. Snowden provided a briefing book on U. Speaking of Snowden, the former NSA contractor-turned-whistleblower, who now appears to have a "parallel whisteblower" deep inside the "Deep State", i.

He then asks rhetorically "Why is this dangerous? His conclusion, one which many of the so-called conspiratorial bent would say was well-known long ago: Still working through the publication, but what Wikileaks has here is genuinely a big deal. The CIA reports show the USG developing vulnerabilities in US products, then intentionally keeping the holes open. Why is this dangerous? Because until closed, any hacker can use the security untrusted lists binary options trading platform the CIA left open forex online signal trading in pakistan break into any iPhone in the world.

When Pinocchio discovered a screw inside of his belly button, he grabbed a screwdriver and two seconds later, his ass fell off. So the CIA was doing the NSA's job, dropped the ball and let the weapons out to the world. I wonder if they were using these "tools" domestically outside of their mandate? As an agency you couldn't be more incompetent. Does anyone understand how much security they CIA have just compromised?

This is so serous it's insane. Why do you think the geek community decided to rakesh bansal stock market develop their own tools in parallel Linux, BitCoin, DevOps platforms, etc?

We knew, we complained, we got shut down. The issue is now all that software is running on nearly every computer out there. Every computer in the current paradigm is considered a security risk.

It also means the insurance industry now has to pull out of all insurance guarantees on engineered systems with an ISO certification for every industry. It's a fucked up mess that's going to cost tens of trillions of dollars to migrate and patch every existing system on 24 5 point binary options trading review planet. Android is Linux based as well as the routers that have been reportedly compromised use Linux as a Operating system.

Nothing has been spared. I believe IOS is UNix based or IOS is just IOS so that one is compromised as well. Now if UNIX is compromised that means potentially that IBM mainframes are compromised. Now if IBM Mainframes are compromised it means, Banks, Insurance, and other behemoths they mostly use IBM Main Frames for their learn to trade stocks with russ whitney functions maybe ticking time bombs.

That the CIA has reached into the lives of all Americans through its wholesale gathering of the nation's "haystack" of information has already been reported. It is bad enough that the government spies on its own people. It is equally bad that the CIA, through its incompetence, has opened the cyberdoor to anyone with the technological skills and connections to spy on anyone else. The constant erosion of privacy at the hands of the government and corporations has annihilated the concept of a "right to privacy," which is embedded in the rationale of the First, Third, Fourth, Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.

It is becoming increasingly clear that we are sliding down the slippery slope toward totalitarianism, where private lives do not exist. We have entered a condition of constitutional crisis that requires a full-throated response from the American people. Before you label Kucinich as being overly-dramatic, you may want to note that Bill Binney — the high-level NSA executive who created the agency's mass surveillance program for digital information, the year NSA veteran widely who was the senior technical director within the agency and managed thousands of NSA employees — told Washington's Blog that America has already become a police state.

And Thomas Drake — one of the top NSA executives, and Senior Change Leader within the NSA — told us the same thing. And Kirk Wiebe — a year NSA veteran who received the Director CIA's Meritorious Unit Award and the NSA's Meritorious Civilian Service Award — agrees tweet via Jesselyn Radack, attorney for many national security whistleblowers, herself a Department of Justice whistleblower:.

It's not just NSA officials Two former U. Supreme Court Justices have warned that America is sliding into tyranny. Presidentand many other high-level American officials agree. BuckWildMar 9, 9: The elephant in the room is not privacy problems. It is blackmail for various purposes. We have many indications that politicians, judges, officials and even other intel organizations are being blackmailed, and destroyed using lucid information from their private life.

This makes he US Government totally dysfunctional. Latest news is that Democrats paid some hackers for not revealing their server information. I don't think this can be stopped. But we need more open discussion about blackmailing and thus protection from such methods. An elected President or Forexdrainbroker.com review should not have their private life discussed by the Media.

It should be banned. The only way to stop the Money Kings is make money botting maplestory to alert forex forum trade business with them; an extremely difficult task.

If Trump was hacked, that information could be used against him, like blackmail in order to change his action or direction on certain things.

You should be in Jail, they're GOOD People, so I won't be appointing a special prosecutor. And Clinton never feared anything, probably because the CIA was in her pocket and could get the goods on anybody even Loretta Lynch. Democrats like PGL are big defenders of the surveillance state and hate on Wikileaks.

The NSA tapped Angela Merkel's phone. Way to alienate our allies. Investigators say that the leak was the work not of a hostile foreign power like Russia but of a disaffected insider, as WikiLeaks suggested when it released the documents Tuesday. An intelligence official said the information, much of which appeared to be technical documents, may have come from a server outside the C. But neither he nor a former senior intelligence official ruled out the possibility that the leaker was a C.

The officials spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss an ongoing investigation into classified information. The disclosures "equip our adversaries with tools and information to do us harm," said Ryan Trapani, a spokesman for the C. He added that the C. The leak was perhaps most awkward for the White House, which found itself criticizing WikiLeaks less than six months after the group published embarrassing emails from John D.

Podesta, the campaign chairman for Hillary Clinton, prompting President Trump to declare at the time, "I love WikiLeaks. Sean Spicer, the White House spokesman, said the release of documents "should be something that everybody is outraged about in this country. There was, he added, a "massive, massive difference" between the leak of classified C. The documents, taken at face value, suggest that American spies had designed hacking tools that could breach almost anything connected to the internet - smartphones, computers, televisions - and had even found a way to compromise Apple and Android devices.

But whether the C. A number of cybersecurity experts and hackers expressed skepticism at the level of technical wizardry that WikiLeaks claimed to uncover, and pointed out that much of what was described in the documents was aimed at older devices that have known security flaws.

One document, for instance, discussed ways to quickly copy 3. One indication that the documents did not contain information on the most highly sensitive C. When WikiLeaks released the cyberspying documents on Tuesday, it described the earlier document as "an introductory disclosure. March 09, at Do you think that hurts America's security? I'll grant you that there have been times I've been for some of the Wikileaks disclosures, but on the whole and expecially thisit harms our security.

The surveillance state is a deep subject. Without the military hegemony for which it is emblematic would we then even have a threat of terrorism? The domestic surveillance state does little else save maybe some counter-espionage against the other nuclear powers.

OTOH, it gave us the recently ended TV series "Person of Interest," which almost makes up for the violations of our Bill of Rights illegal search and potentially seizure. I kind of like people knowing how automobile technology can be hacked to remotely control the family car. If not for the competition to develop self-driving cars then I doubt most of the Wi-Fi enabled interfaces would facilitate remote control, but rather just monitoring.

It sounds like the game of grand theft auto is about to be profoundly revised. We've assassinated leaders of other countries and propped up our little puppets in their places. We staged a revolution to create the country of Panama, simply because we wanted to dig a canal. However, You're arguing the past. The question is, now that we're where we are, how do we proceed? Steps make money google adsense wikipedia of these people who now hate us, because of the evils we've done aren't simply going to stop if we say "we're not going to spy on you anymore".

Paraphrasing Shakespere - "The evil countries do lives after them. The good is oft interr'd within their bones. Thus let it be with the U. A" won't make terrorists think about our foreign aid programs, or disaster relief for places like Haiti". The primary function of the federal government should be to protect the welfare of it's people, and obstensibly tools like the ones the CIA developed and subsequently leaked were there to find out what the bad guys were doing.

Raleigh nc stock brokers are now less safe as a direct result of the leak. However, it is still a question with no implicit answer that cannot be alternatively argued.

So, the other way to say this is that we have as a nation done very bad things. There will be a price to pay for it. How do we want to pay for it? How long do we want to keep paying for it? Stated another way then there is oxygen stock market no implicit answer that cannot be alternatively argued.

It is why I usually avoid such matters. Without a crystal ball then we answer correctly. I just was inquiring to see how far that you were considering. I have no argument against you since you seem to understand the quagmire well enough. I will stick with easier topics such as constitutional reform of the political system, a piece of cake in comparison. Which is why I'm no fun at parties anymore.

I would argue that people who don't understand how screwed we are, are much happier than those who do understand. The terrorists know we won't nuke Mecca, hell we are paying Mecca's defenders to keep terrorists in Syria. Are you comfortable with that? Are you comfortable with handing the surveillance state over to a lunatic like Trump? I don't think Trump would care about me nearly as much as he would Bill Maher or Hillary Clinton, public people who mock him.

Having said that, there are safeguards in place to ensure that the FBI can't spy on just anyone. You need a FISA warrant which needs to be approved by a FISA judge. President Cheeto can't just order it to be done. Well, he could, but the FBI should refuse. Tuesday's disclosure is only the first part of what WikiLeaks is calling its "Vault 7" series of documents obtained from what it said was an "isolated, high-security network" located within the CIA's headquarters in Langley, Virginia.

The documents, which appear to have been acquired at least several months ago, detail exploits or techniques to expose vulnerabilities for a wide variety of desktop and mobile operating systems, including Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and the server operating system Solaris.

The CIA also appears to have developed methods to hijack internet-enabled televisions from Samsung to use them to record audio such as conversations, through the use of a "Fake Off" mode so that the TV appears to be powered down but actually is not. The stolen information indicates that the intelligence agency also appears to have the ability to gain access to messaging programs like Telegram, WhatsApp, Signal and iMessage that have been billed as secure because they encrypt all messages between participants.

Instead of intercepting a messages en route, however, the exploits work at more basic level to intercept and capture audio and text before they are encrypted and transmitted. WikiLeaks did not release any of the code behind the so-called cyber-weapons, but said that an archive of the software and its documentation had been circulating among former U.

The site's editor, Julian Assange, said there was an "extreme proliferation risk" in the development of malicious software by governments, which he compared to the global arms trade. The Vault 7 documents also disclose that the CIA purchases software exploits from other intelligence agencies, including Britain's MI5.

The documents also indicate that the CIA has purchased exploits from shadowy private companies going by such names as Fangtooth, Anglerfish and SurfsUp. Instead of reporting security holes to software companies like Microsoft or Google, these companies peddle the vulnerability to the highest bidder. If this information is accurate, the agency may be in violation of a policy put into place by former President Barack Obama in that was intended to prohibit the government from exploiting vulnerabilities that were unknown to software makers.

Besides speeding up the development time for malware for the CIA's use, the agency's use of outside-sourced malware also enables the CIA to make digital forensic investigators believe that an unknown outside party may have been behind an infiltration, rather than a government agency. A veteran writer, tv producer, and web developer, Matthew Sheffield writes about politics, media, and technology for Salon.

You can email him via m. Okay, so "who cares" that we have a CIA with unchecked powers and no publicly discernible agenda, but RUSSIA!! How many agencies do we need to do the same things and replicate each others work?

Make new agencies to combine the old one's critical functions, fire all the worthless govt. And if you think you only need to worry about your computers, phones, and TVs being full of Mama Gubmint's lackeys consider your car. It has it's own ID and the roads are bristling with detectors too. Immediately after Wikileaks released thousands of documents revealing the extent of CIA surveillance and hacking practices, the government was calling for an investigation - not into why the CIA has amassed so much power, but rather, into who exposed their invasive policies.

According to USA Today:. A separate review will attempt to assess the damage caused by such a disclosure, the official said. Even Democratic representative Ted Lieu, who has been urging whistleblowers to come forward to expose wrongdoing within the Trump administration, has turned his focus away from what the documents exposed and toward determining how it could have possibly happened.

I am calling for an immediate congressional investigation. We need to know if the CIA lost control of its hacking tools, who may have those tools, and how do we now protect the privacy of Americans.

According to Lieu's statements, the problem isn't necessarily that the CIA is spying on Americans and invading innocent people's technology without consent. It's that the CIA mishandled their spying tools, and in doing so, endangered Americans' privacy by exposing the tools to presumably 'bad actors. So goes the familiar whistleblower narrative in the United States. Whistleblowers step forward to expose wrongdoing on the part of government - something the government claims to support - and immediately, establishment institutions and the media bend the conversation away from the wrongdoing in order to focus on the unlawful release of secrets.

Putting aside the fact that, according to popular American mythology breaking the law is a patriotic duty, the government and politicians' reactions are both hypocritical and habitual. When Chelsea Manning revealed damning evidence of U. Rather, Manning was subject to a military tribunal and issued multiple life sentences, a cruel and unusual punishment reversed only in President Obama's last days in office amid his attempts to salvage his abysmal human rights, transparency, and whistleblower record.

When Edward Snowden revealed the extent of the NSA's warrantless mass surveillance of American citizens and millions of others around the world, the government's response was not to investigate why those programs existed in the first place. Rather, they thrashed and flailed around the world, ordering the plane of Bolivian President Evo Morales to be grounded in the hopes of catching the whistleblower.

Congress later passed the deceptive "USA Freedom Act," which codified continued surveillance. Edward Snowden remains in exile, and establishment politicians repeatedly call him a traitor for exposing the crimes of his government.

Some, including Trump's CIA Director Mike Pompeo, have called for his execution. Mass surveillance continues, and the president himself is seeking to retain those powers as he condemns former President Obama for allegedly spying on him. And so on and so forth. The same was true for John KiriakouThomas DrakeWilliam Binneyand Jeffrey Sterling. The government is exposed for wrongdoing, and rather than prove themselves to be representatives of the people by remedying those transgressions, they point fingers and divert, all the while refusing to relinquish the unjust power any given agency is exposed for having.

Many people are already aware that the government does little to actually serve them Americans' trust in political leaders and governmentin general, is abysmally low. Rather, government agents and agencies operate to advance and concentrate their own interests and power. This is why penalties against killing government employees are more stringent than killing civilians.

It is why stealing from the government is perceived as more outrageous to the State than stealing from a civilian. The government considers "crimes" committed against itself to carry the utmost offense, yet often fails to deliver justice to the people who provide their financial foundation.

As a result, the State does not even try to show remorse for its volatile policies, even when they are exposed and splattered across social media for the world to see. Instead, with the help of corporate media, the debate is shifted to whether or not WikiLeaks is a criminal organization, or whether or not Edward Snowden is a traitor.

This alleged leak should concern every American for its impact on national security. Anybody who leaks classified information will be held accountable to the maximum extent of the law. Meanwhile, we're supposed to accept the government's investigation of itself, which surprise! LawsofPhysicsMar 9, 6: Binney said the NSA has everything. Every phone call, text, website visited, everything.

The FISA court is theater. The FISA court allows prosecutors to recreate fake parallel sources to make it look like they got permission to create the illusion they didn't break the 4th amendment.

THEY ALREADY BROKE THE 4TH AMENDMENT!!! Thats what Binney said. It was written here on ZH. These talking heads keep refering to warrants. They don't need a fucking warrant. They alreay have it. But in reality, they have finite manpower to sift through all that data, and make sense of it.

The more of us that rebel, encrypt and become defiant, the more taxing it is on their resources. Like I enjoy saying. They can have my data. But I'm going to make the fuckers work for it, and waste their finite resources in getting it. They might not need people to sift through some of the data. They could probably have a computer program sift through terms: Then you could be catagorized a whether not you were a proper sheep or a target. And if you'd bother to add the amount of storage that'll require you'd know this is BS.

Your mom's phone calls to the hairdresser timeout and get discarded after they sniff it good. My guess is, anyone posting here at ZH gets their stuff tagged for archiving. As do a bunch of other categories of 'interesting people'.

If you'd bother to read up on Binney, you'd know to not talk shit about that which you have no idea of. Our Kids are Precious they have Cell Phones and Devices, this is Tyranny, Protect our kids from Pedos!!! Today, President Donald J. The CIA can not only hack into anything -- they can download any "evidence" they want onto your phone or computer.

Child pornography, national secrets, you name it. Then they can blackmail you, threatening prosecution for whatever crap they have planted, then "found" on your computer. They can also "spoof" the source of such downloads -- for instance, if they want to "prove" that something on your computer or Donald Trump's computer came from a "Russian source" -- they can spoof the IP address of a Russian source. No digital evidence should be acceptable in any case where the government has an interest, because they have the complete ability to fabricate and implant any evidence on any iphone or computer.

Government has long been at war with liberty, claiming that we need to give up liberty to be secure. Now we learn that they have been deliberately sabotaging our security, in order to augment their own power. Time to shut down the CIA and all the other spy agencies. They're not keeping us free OR secure, and they're doing it deliberately. Their main function nowadays seems to be lying us into wars against countries that never attacked us, and had no plans to do so.

I don't believe anything that the government says". However, at a minimum, reminding the generally complacent public that they are being spied on any time they use the Web, and increasingly the times in between, makes the officialdom Not Happy. This is an indictment of the model of having the intelligence services rely heavily on outside contractors. It is far more difficult to control information when you have multiple organizations involved.

In addition, neolibearlism posits that workers are free agents who have no loyalties save to their own bottom lines or for oddballs, their own sense of ethics. Let us not forget that Snowden planned his career job moveswhich included a stint at NSA contractor Dell, before executing his information haul at a Booz Allen site that he had targeted. Admittedly, there are no doubt many individuals who are very dedicated to the agencies for which they work and aspire to spend most it not all of their woking lives there.

But I would assume that they are a minority. The reason outsiders can attempt to pooh-pooh the Wikileaks release is that the organization redacted sensitive information like the names of targets and attack machines.

The CIA staffers who have access to the full versions of these documents as well as other major components in the hacking toolkit will be the ones who can judge how large and serious the breach really is. By Gaius Publiusa professional writer living on the West Coast of the United States and frequent contributor to DownWithTyranny, digby, Truthout, and Naked Capitalism. GP article archive here. Originally published at DownWithTyranny. CIA org chart from the WikiLeaks cache click to enlarge.

Since the organizational structure of the CIA below the level of Directorates is not public, the placement of the EDG [Engineering Development Group]and its branches is reconstructed from information contained in the documents released so far. It is intended to be used as a rough outline of the internal organization; please be aware that the reconstructed org chart is incomplete and that internal reorganizations occur frequently. WikiLeaks just dropped a huge cache of documents the first of several promised releasesleaked from a person or people associated with the CIA in one or more capacities examples, employee, contractorwhich shows an agency out-of-control in its spying and hacking overreach.

Read through to the end. If you're like me, you'll be stunned, not just about what they can do, but that they would want to do it, in some cases in direct violation of President Obama's orders. This story is bigger than anything you can imagine.

Consider this piece just an introduction, to make sure the story stays on your radar as it unfolds - and to help you identify those media figures who will try to minimize or bury it. Unless I missed it, on MSNBC last night, for example, the first mention of this story was not Chris Hayes, not Maddow, but the Lawrence O'Donnell show, and then only to support his guest's "Russia gave us Trump" narrative. If anything, this leak suggests a much muddier picture, which I'll explore in a later piece.

So I'll start with just a taste, a few of its many revelations, to give you, without too much time spent, the scope of the problem. Then I'll add some longer bullet-point detail, to indicate just how much of American life this revelation touches. While the cache of documents has been vetted and redactedit hasn't been fully explored for implications.

I'll follow this story as bits and piece are added from the crowd sourced research done on the cache of information. If you wish to play along at home, the WikiLeaks torrent file is here. The torrent's passphrase is here. WikiLeaks press release is here also reproduced below. Their FAQ is here. Note that this release covers the years — As WikiLeaks says in its FAQ, "The series is the largest intelligence publication in history.

But first, this preface, consisting of one idea only. Donald Trump is deep in the world of spooks now, the world of spies, agents and operatives. He and his inner circle have a nest of friends, but an even larger, more varied nest of enemies. As John Sevigny writes below, his enemies include not only the intel and counter-intel people, but also "Republican lawmakers, journalists, the Clintons, the Bush family, Barack Obama, the ACLU, every living Democrat and even Rand Paul.

I have zero sympathy for Donald Trump. But his world is now our world, and with both of his feet firmly planted in spook world, ours are too. He's in it to his neck, in fact, and what happens in that world will affect every one of us.

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He's so impossibly erratic, so impossibly unfit for his office, that everyone on the list above wants to remove him. Many of them are allied, but if they are, it's also only for convenience. How do spooks remove the inconvenient and unfit? I leave that to your imagination;they have their ways.

Whatever method they choose, however, it must be one without fingerprints - or more accurately, without their fingerprints - on it. Which suggests two more questions. One, who will help them do it, take him down? Clearly, anyone and everyone on the list. Second, how do you bring down the president, using extra-electoral, extra-constitutional means, without bringing down the Republic?

I have no answer for that. Here's a brief look at "spook world" my phrase, not the author's from " The Fox Hunt " by John Sevigny:. Several times in my life — as a journalist and rambling, independent photographer - I've ended up rubbing shoulders with spooks. Long before that was a racist term, it was a catch-all to describe intelligence community people, counter intel types, and everyone working for or against them.

I don't have any special insight into the current situation with Donald Trump and his battle with the IC as the intelligence community calls itself, but I can offer a few first hand observations about the labyrinth of shadows, light, reflections, paranoia, perceptions and misperceptions through which he finds himself wandering, blindly.

More baffling and scary is the thought he may have no idea his ankles are already bound together in a cluster of quadruple gordian knots, the likes of which very few people ever escape.

Criminal underworlds, of which the Trump administration is just one, are terrifying and confusing places. They become far more complicated once they've been penetrated by authorities and faux-authorities who often represent competing interests, but are nearly always in it for themselves.

One big complication - and I've written about this before - is that you never know who's working for whom. Another problem is that the hierarchy of handlers, informants, assets and sources is never defined. People who believe, for example, they are CIA assets are really just being used by people who are perhaps not in the CIA at all but depend on controlling the dupe in question. It is very simple - and I have seen this happen - for the subject of an international investigation to claim that he is part of that operation.

Which leads Sevigny to this observation about Trump, which I partially quoted above: The intel people are against him, as are the counter intel people.

His phone conversations were almost certainly recorded by one organization or another, legal or quasi legal. His enemies include Republican lawmakers, journalists, the Clintons, the Bush family, Barack Obama, the ACLU, every living Democrat and even Rand Paul.

Putin is not on his side - that's a business matter and not an alliance. Again, this is not to defend Trump, or even to generate sympathy for him - I personally have none. It's to characterize where he is, and we are, at in this pivotal moment. Pivotal not for what they're doing, the broad intelligence community. But pivotal for what we're finding out, the extent and blatancy of the violations.

All of this creates an incredibly complex story, with only a tenth or less being covered by anything like the mainstream press. For example, the Trump-Putin tale is much more likely to be part of a much broader "international mobster" story, whose participants include not only Trump and Putin, but Wall Street think HSBC and major international banks, sovereign wealth funds, major hedge funds, venture capital vulture capital firms, international drug and other trafficking cartels, corrupt dictators and presidents around the world and much of the highest reaches of the "Davos crowd.

Much of the highest reaches of the. What a stew of competing and aligned interests, of marriages and divorces of convenience, all for the common currencies of money and power, all of them dealing in death.

What this new WikiLeaks revelation shows us is what just one arm of that community, the CIA, has been up to. Again, the breadth of the spying and hacking capability is beyond imagination. This is where we've come to as a nation. Now about those CIA spooks and their surprising capabilities. A number of other outlets have written up the story, but this from Zero Hedge has managed to capture the essence as well as the breadth in not too many words emphasis mine throughout:.

WikiLeaks has published what it claims is the largest ever release of confidential documents on the CIA. It includes more than 8, documents as part of 'Vault 7', a series of leaks on the agency, which have allegedly emerged from the CIA's Center For Cyber Intelligence in Langleyand which can be seen on the org chart below, which Wikileaks also released: A total of 8, documents have been published as part of 'Year Zero', the first in a series of leaks the whistleblower organization has dubbed 'Vault 7.

WikiLeaks tweeted the leak, which it claims came from a network inside the CIA's Center for Cyber Intelligence in Langley, Virginia. Among the more notable disclosures which, if confirmed, " would rock the technology world ", the CIA had managed to bypass encryption on popular phone and messaging services such as Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. According to the statement from WikiLeaks, government hackers can penetrate Android phones and collect "audio and message traffic before encryption is applied.

With respect to hacked devices like you smart phone, smart TV and computer, consider the concept of putting these devices in "fake-off" mode:. Among the various techniques profiled by WikiLeaks is "Weeping Angel", developed by the CIA's Embedded Devices Branch EDBwhich infests smart TVstransforming them into covert microphones. After infestation, Weeping Angel places the target TV in a 'Fake-Off' modeso that the owner falsely believes the TV is off when it is on.

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In 'Fake-Off' mode the TV operates as a bug, recording conversations in the room and sending them over the Internet to a covert CIA server. As Kim Dotcom chimed in on Twitter, "CIA turns Smart TVs, iPhones, gaming consoles and many other consumer gadgets into open microphones" and added "CIA turned every Microsoft Windows PC in the world into spyware.

Can activate backdoors on demand, including via Windows update "[. Another profound revelation is that the CIA can engage in "false flag" cyberattacks which portray Russia as the assailant.

Discussing the CIA's Remote Devices Branch's UMBRAGE group, Wikileaks' source notes that it "collects and maintains a substantial library of attack techniques 'stolen' from malware produced in other states including the Russian Federation.

As Kim Dotcom summarizes this finding, " CIA uses techniques to make cyber attacks look like they originated from enemy state. This doesn't prove that Russia didn't do it "it" meaning actually hacking the presidency for Trump, as opposed to providing much influence in that directionbut again, we're in spook world, with all the phrase implies.

The CIA can clearly put anyone's fingerprints on any weapon they wish, and I can't imagine they're alone in that capability. If I were a president, I'd be concerned about this, from the WikiLeaks " Analysis " portion of the Press Release emphasis added:. Many of the vulnerabilities used in the CIA's cyber arsenal are pervasive [across devices and device types] and some may already have been found by rival intelligence agencies or cyber criminals.

As an example, specific CIA malware revealed in "Year Zero" [that it] is able to penetrate, infest and control both the Android phone and iPhone software that runs or has run presidential Twitter accounts. The CIA attacks this software by using undisclosed security vulnerabilities "zero days" possessed by the CIA[,] but if the CIA can hack these phones then so can everyone else who has obtained or discovered the vulnerability.

As long as the CIA keeps these vulnerabilities concealed from Apple and Google who make the phones they will not be fixed, and the phones will remain hackable. Does or did the CIA do this hack presidential devicesor is it just capable of it? The second paragraph implies the latter. That's a discussion for another day, but I can say now that both Lawrence Wilkerson, aide to Colin Powell and a non-partisan though an admitted Republican expert in these matters, and William Binney, one of the triumvirate of major pre-Snowden leakers, think emphatically yes.

See Wilkerson's comments here. See Binney's comments here. Whether or not you believe Wilkerson and Binney, do you doubt that if our intelligence people can do something, they would balk at the deed itself, in this world of "collect it all "?

If nothing else, imagine the power this kind of bugging would confer on those who do it. But there is so much more in this Wikileaks release than suggested by the brief summary above. Here's a bullet-point overview of what we've learned so far, again via Zero Hedge:.

Journalist Michael Hastings, who in destroyed the career of General Stanley McChrystal and was hated by the military for it, was killed in in an inexplicably out-of-control car. This isn't to suggest the CIA, specifically, caused his death. It's to ask that, if these capabilities existed inwhat would prevent their use by elements of the military, which is, after all a death-delivery organization?

And lest you consider this last speculation just crazy talk, Richard Clarke that Richard Clarke agrees: Bush, told the Huffington Post that Hastings's crash looked consistent with a car cyber attack. By the end ofthe CIA's hacking division, which formally falls under the agency's Center for Cyber Intelligence CCIhad over registered users and had produced more than a thousand hacking systems, trojans, viruses, and other "weaponized" malware.

Such is the scale of the CIA's undertaking that byits hackers had utilized more code than that used to run Facebook. The CIA had created, in effect, its "own NSA" with even less accountability and without publicly answering the question as to whether such a massive budgetary spend on duplicating the capacities of a rival agency could be justified.

In a statement to WikiLeaks the source details policy questions that they say urgently need to be debated in publicincluding whether the CIA's hacking capabilities exceed its mandated powers and the problem of public oversight of the agency. The source wishes to initiate a public debate about the security, creation, use, proliferation and democratic control of cyberweapons. Once a single cyber 'weapon' is 'loose' it can spread around the world in seconds, to be used by rival states, cyber mafia and teenage hackers alike.

Julian Assange, WikiLeaks editor stated that "There is an extreme proliferation risk in the development of cyber 'weapons'. Comparisons can be drawn between the uncontrolled proliferation of such 'weapons', which results from the inability to contain them combined with their high market value, and the global arms trade. But the significance of "Year Zero" goes well beyond the choice between cyberwar and cyberpeace. The disclosure is also exceptional from a political, legal and forensic perspective.

Wikileaks has carefully reviewed the "Year Zero" disclosure and published substantive CIA documentation while avoiding the distribution of 'armed' cyberweapons until a consensus emerges on the technical and political nature of the CIA's program and how such 'weapons' should analyzed, disarmed and published.

Wikileaks has also decided to redact and anonymise some identifying information in "Year Zero" for in depth analysis. These redactions include ten of thousands of CIA targets and attack machines throughout Latin America, Europe and the United States. While we are aware of the imperfect results of any approach chosen, we remain committed to our publishing model and note that the quantity of published pages in "Vault 7" part one "Year Zero" already eclipses the total number of pages published over the first three years of the Edward Snowden NSA leaks.

Be sure to click through for the Analysis, Examples and FAQ sections as well. Brave new world, that only the brave can live in.

But the real point is there are no actors who will be allowed to make an independent assessment. That's all I needed.

Senator John McCain passed documents to the FBI director, James Comey, last month alleging secret contacts between the Trump campaign and Moscow and that Russian intelligence had personally compromising material on the president-elect himself. The material, which has been seen by the Guardian, is a series of reports on Trump's relationship with Moscow. They were drawn up by a former western counter-intelligence official, now working as a private consultant.

BuzzFeed on Tuesday published the documents, which it said were "unverified and potentially unverifiable". I had been sitting on this link trying to make sense of this part.

Clearly, the Trump Whitehouse has some major leaks, which the MSM is exploiting. But the start of this article suggests that para-intelligence is that a word?

Eh, it is now was the source of the allegedly damaging info.

This is no longer about the deep-state, but a rouge state, possibly guns for higher, each having fealty to specific political interests. The CIA arsenal wasn't leaked. I have read a few articles about the Vault 7 leak that typically raise a few alarms I would like to comment on.

As a side note: One enters username or account number and password; the bank site returns a code; the user must then enter this code into a smartphone app or a tiny specialized device, which computes and returns a value out of it; the user enters this last value into the entry form as a throw-away additional password, and gains access to the bank website. I have always refused to use such methods on a smartphone and insist on getting the specialized "single-use password computer", precisely because the smartphone platform can be subverted.

The fact that smart TVs from VizioSamsung or LG constitute an outrageous intrusion into the privacy of their owners has been a known topic for years already. And the consequences have already been suggested killing people by disabling their car controls on the highway for instance. My take on this is that we should seriously look askance not just at the shenanigans of the CIA, but at the entire "innovative technology" that is imposed upon computerized cars or joyfully adopted by smartphones consumers.

Of course, most NC readers are aware of the pitfalls already, but alas not the majority of the population. Trump is arguably unfit for office, does not have a clue about many things such as foreign relationsbut by taxing him of being "erratic" Gaius Publius shows that he still does not "get" the Donald.

Trump has a completely different modus operandi than career politicians, formed by his experience as a real-estate mogul and media star. His world has been one where one makes outrageous offers to try anchoring the negotiation before reducing one's claims - even significantly, or abruptly exiting just before an agreement to strike a deal with another party that has been lured to concessions through negotiations with the first one.

So stop asserting that Trump is "unpredictable" or "irrational"; this is underestimating him a dangerous faultas he is very consistent, though in an uncommon fashion amongst political pundits.

While I agree that it's worth pointing out that the CIA has not broken any of the major encryption tools, even Snowden regards being able to circumvent them as worse, since people using encryption are presumably those who feel particularly at risk and will get a false sense of security and say things or keep data on their devices that they never never would if they thought they were insecure.

Re Gaius on Trump, I agree the lady doth protest too much. But I said repeatedly that Trump would not want to be President if he understood the job. It is not like being the CEO of a private company. Trump has vastly more control over his smaller terrain in his past life than he does as President. The fact is that he still does not have effective control of the Executive branch. He has lots of open positions in the political appointee slots largely due to not having even submitted candidates!

You cannot pretend that Trump's former MO is working at all well for him. And he isn't showing an ability to adapt or learn not surprising at his age. For instance, he should have figured out by now that DC is run by lawyers, yet his team has hardly any on it.

This is continuing to be a source of major self inflicted wounds. His erraticness may be keeping his opponents off base, but it is also keeping him from advancing any of his goals. Yes, not breaking encryption is devious, as it gives a false sense of security - this is precisely why I refuse to use those supposedly secure e-banking login apps on smartphones whose system software can be subverted, and prefer those non-connected, non-reprogrammable, special-purpose password generating devices.

As for Trump being incompetent for his job, and his skills in wheeling-dealing do not carrying over usefully to conducting high political offices, that much is clear. But he is not "erratic", rather he is out of place and out of his depth.

I have for years had a password-protected document on computer with all my important numbers and passwords. I have today deleted that document and reverted to a paper record. That is an example of the sort of thing I am talking about.

I think he means a machine dedicated to high-security operations like anything financial or bill-pay. Something that is not exposed to email or web-browsing operations that happen on a casual-use computer that can easily compromise. That's not a bad way to go; it's cheaper in terms of time than the labor-intensive approaches I use, but those are a hobby more than anything else.

It depends on how much you have at stake if they get your bank account or brokerage service password. I take a few basic security measures, which would not impress the IT crowd I hang out with elsewhere, but at least would not make me a laughingstock. I run Linux and use only open-source software; run ad-blockers and script blockers; confine risky operations, which means any non-corporate or non-mainstream website to a virtual machine that is reset after each use; use separate browsers with different cookie storage policies and different accounts for different purposes.

I keep a well-maintained pfSense router with a proxy server and an intrusion detection system, allowing me to segregate my secure network, home servers, guest networks, audiovisual streaming and entertainment devices, and IoT devices each on their own VLANs with appropriate ACLs between them.

No device on the more-secured network is allowed out to any port without permission, and similar rules are there for the IoT devices, and the VoIP tools. Of course if you use Linux, you could save that on software in a year if you are too cheap to send a contribution to the developers.

It's not perfect, because I still have computers turned on: That said, absolutely nothing that I have here would last 30 milliseconds against anything the "hats" could use, if they wanted in. It would be over before it began.

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